Emerald: the first door to pay attention to (Figure)

As one of the top five gems, emerald is the hottest "red man" in the jewelry industry. This green gem, which was once largely untouched in the domestic market, after the emerald, like a powerful runner, is stirring the blue sea of ​​domestic green gemstones with lightning speed, so that it has similar color to emerald. The price of emeralds has soared all the way.

Among them, in addition to the shortage of resources caused by excessive logging, political instability, capital operation and other factors can not be underestimated. “In the famous emerald mines in Colombia, there are many heavily armed armed groups. They basically control all the emeralds in Colombia. The armed forces are basically divided into two forces, one is the local underworld, and the other is the local triad. It’s a guerrilla group. There are often armed conflicts between them. If you want to visit there, it’s just a matter of life, because you will meet gunners at any time. For those uninvited intruders, they I don't care about your motives, I may put you to death at any time." This is when I was going to visit the MUZO mine on a certain day, a friend who has been in the emerald business for many years in Colombia told me of.

First born in Egypt

Speaking of the emerald mining area, it is natural to talk about the story long time ago. According to legend, in 1600, the MUZO area, more than 200 kilometers north of the Colombian capital, suddenly burst into floods, and the waters poured over and washed away large areas of farmland. After the flood receded, the local Moscasians returned to their former homes and found that the clear rivers in the past became muddy. It was thought that the mud at the bottom of the river was rolled out. When the river was dredged, it suddenly found a lot of dazzling in the riverbed. Bright green stone, this is the origin of the famous Colombian emerald. Since then, when it comes to the best emeralds in Colombia, no one knows the production area of ​​Muzo. Today, it is still a treasure land for gangsters and guerrillas.

However, the earliest emerald mines were not well-known Colombia, but dates back to Egypt in 3500 BC. At that time, the Egyptians first discovered a dazzling green ore in the desert southwest of Cairo. Because of their fascinating color, they became the royal gemstones of the royal family. Egypt's prestigious Queen Cleopatra named the emerald mine with her own name, enough to see the Queen's love for this gem.

It was probably around 2000 BC, when Egypt's twelfth dynasty, emerald-made jewelry has become an indispensable accessory in the rich family. Since Egypt was the only emerald producing area in the world before the 16th century, the traffic and trade at that time were not developed enough. At that time, the royal family of other countries knew little about emeralds, so it became a treasure that was cherished, even The supreme power symbol. However, this ancient deposit has long been exhausted, and the quality of the emerald produced is not good, the crystal is relatively small, coupled with the immature grinding process at that time, many inlays appear in an extremely primitive state, and the beauty is not enough.

It was not until the middle of the 16th century that the emeralds of the Moses in South America were made public by outside uninvited guests. The Spanish colonists found that the emeralds of the Inca people of South America were more fascinating than those of Egypt. For a century, the Spaniards transported the Inca's precious emeralds back to Europe, and the emerald instantly dumped the entire European royal family with its unique and charming style.

Today, in addition to the emeralds produced in Colombia and South America at the time, Brazil, Zambia, Russia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Pakistan, China and other places, also found emerald deposits, but only the quality is very few, including Brazil The Zambian emerald mining area is best known.

Colombian jade is highly respected

In the world of emeralds, the mining area is like a blood uniform, which directly determines the value of emeralds. Emeralds of the same color, clarity, and level, from Colombia, are several times higher than Zambia or Brazil. Of course, there are also different mines in Colombia. The main difference between these mines is the color of the emeralds produced.

The most prestigious mining areas in Colombia are MUZO, CHIVOR, COSQUEZ, TRAPICHE and more. Among them, the emeralds produced by MUZO and COSQUEZ are the best, while the MUZO emeralds are the most representative emeralds in Colombia.

Many buyers often say that the best emerald color is like the emerald green in the jade, rich and full of life, which is described as the MUZO emerald. After World War II, this color of emerald was deeply loved by Asian collectors, especially buyers from Japan, but also spent a lot of money to buy.

The emerald color produced by the Koskez Emerald Mine is blue, and it reflects the deep and elegant side of the emerald, so it is very popular among European buyers.

The emerald produced by Cheval is more yellowish than Muzo and Koskez. Due to the action of iron oxide, the interior of the Chevrolet emerald has a common pyrite inclusion, and the color is not as rich as Muzo, and the crystal More fragile and fragile.

Although the crystal hardness of emerald can reach 7.5 to 8, the crystal embrittlement is extremely strong, which determines that the emerald is almost not too big. The quality is excellent. The weight is more than 2 carats. It is rare, if the weight can reach 5 carats. The above is a rare treasure.

It is worth mentioning that although the emeralds produced in Colombia are beautiful, but there are many cockroaches, researchers often call the rich contents of Colombian emeralds the most beautiful gardens of emeralds because they have the most abundant inclusions. . This kind of inclusion is innate, the most characteristic of which is the gas-liquid-solid three-phase inclusion, which is a triple structure of gas, liquid and solid in a package, which is also an important feature to distinguish Colombian emeralds. one.

In addition to the above three famous mining areas, Colombia also has a mining area produced by emeralds that are not found in other parts of the world. This is the Trepisch emerald mining area, also known as the TRAPICHE emerald. The word "Treppi" in Spanish refers to the wheel used to grind sugar. People use this name to express this six-armed emerald. The Dabiz Emerald has a six-shaped ray structure like a gemstone.

Because of its rareness, Dalbezi is called "the gift of God by the locals and gives different meanings to the six arms. They represent health, wealth, love, luck, wisdom and happiness. The largest known one. The 780-carat Dapex emerald is now in the Natural History Museum in London. The smaller one is named "The Sun" and weighs 62.80 carats.

Mineral deposit "up-and-coming star"

Due to the continuous reduction of minerals in Colombia, jewelers have tried their best to find high-quality emerald mines around the world. After many twists and turns, the Brazilian and Zambian mines have been discovered and become the rising star of the emerald deposit.

Brazil is the second major source of emeralds in the world today. The emeralds produced here are mostly small in size, light in color, and even somewhat yellowish and grayish, with only a few having a deep enough shade.

The main mining areas in Brazil are SALININHA and CARNAIBA in Bahia. There are three main varieties of emeralds produced in Bahia: the first is the lighter emerald, which is mainly due to the vanadium coloration during the growth of emerald. Therefore, some experts believe that it should not be listed as a member of the emerald family, but should be called green beryl. The second type is light yellowish green, which looks like ordinary beryl, but has a distinct chromium absorption spectrum under the spectrum detector. This effect is one of the standard values ​​for detecting emerald. The third is the emerald produced in the mica schist near FORMOSO, which is the high quality emerald produced in Brazil. In recent years, some unscrupulous traders have also mixed Brazilian green tourmalines and even green beryl fish into emeralds for sale.

Zambia is the third major emerald supply in the world today, accounting for about 15% of the world's emerald supply, second only to Colombia and Brazil. The emerald produced in Zambia is roughly between the Colombian emerald and the Brazilian emerald. It is mostly bright green or blueish green with spring leaves, but also has a softer shade of darkness, but more The gray tone is green and the inner inclusions are also colorful.

In addition to the above three major producing areas, the emeralds produced by MANAJARY in the middle and east of Madagascar are even better than Colombia, and the internal inclusions are few and clean. The world’s largest and most valuable emerald primary ore “Baibailu” is produced in this mine, only because the mine’s output is strictly controlled by the Israelis, and all the produced emeralds must be shipped back to Israel for cutting. higher cost.

Tanzania's emeralds are also comparable to Colombian emeralds. It has both positive green like Muzo and green with blue like Cheval. Pakistan's emerald color is as good as Colombian emerald, but the crystal structure is too small, and the finished product can rarely be larger than 1 carat.

The emeralds produced in the Russian Ural Mountains are civilized with diamond-like fires, but the greenish yellows and more plaques make collectors feel sorry.

In addition, it should be pointed out that there is also a kind of “Peruvian emerald” in the market. In fact, this is just a misunderstanding of the MUZO emerald in Colombia, because Peru has not yet discovered the emerald deposit. The same is true for Spanish emeralds. The difference is that Spanish emeralds were mostly transported from Colombia to Spain by early Spanish colonists. Most of the emeralds produced in India have more cracks in the turtles, and some have done serious artificial dyeing. The so-called emeralds from the Arabian medina are basically glass imitations.

Colorless “oiling” is normal

We often hear that this emerald is oil-free, the emerald is oil-filled, and this emerald is a saying of filling. In fact, these are some of the best ways to handle emeralds. Emeralds often have many cracks in the process of growth due to their fragile crystal structure. People often use soaked emeralds in colorless oil to inject oil into emeralds in low temperature and high pressure. In the crack, it is beautified by reducing the crack of the gemstone.

The so-called "oiling" refers to the treatment of colorless oil. The internationally authoritative gem identification agencies such as: GUBELIN, GRS, DSEF, etc. are treated as normal emeralds, and their optimization level reflects emeralds. The number of cracks is divided into: light oil injection, medium oil injection and heavy oil injection. China National Jewelry Inspection and Testing Center has gradually adopted the test standards for emeralds.

However, some merchants add green pigment to the colorless oil in order to make the emerald color look more beautiful. This infiltration optimization method is regarded as an abnormal optimization process during the inspection process and is often not accepted. There used to be a local miner in Colombia who vividly described the difference between colorless oil and colored oil. He said: “Everyone has to wash their face. The optimization of colorless oil is like washing your face, but colored oil is makeup. You also know that many girls have great differences before and after makeup." So the emerald oiled is no problem, as long as it is not colored oil.

Of course, very high-quality, almost crack-free emerald rough, even after high-pressure oil injection, because the crystal surface is free of cracks, the oil is difficult to store in the mineral body, so there will be no oil injection results when testing. And this oil-free product has an excellent emerald that is less than 1% of the total amount, which is a treasure that can be met. The price is basically more than double that of the treated emerald.

In Colombia, high-quality emeralds are mostly immersed in cedar oil for optimization, because cedar oil can not only fill the emerald cracks well, but also achieve the same refractive index as the original stone, which can avoid the appearance of light blue inside the emerald. The color or orange fluorescence does not affect the color and fire of the gem itself. Of course, the best cedar oil is also a costly soaking solvent. In order to reduce costs, the slightly less emeralds are also immersed in cedar oil mixed with other oils, and this type of colorless oil is optimized. Handling sometimes affects the quality of the gem.

Filling treatment often refers to a method of optimizing the emerald with resin, wax, glue, colored oil, etc. Since the viscosity of resin, glue, wax, etc. is stronger than that of cedar oil, it is easier to crack the emerald crystal. Bonded together. At the same time, the resin is less volatile than oil and can be stored for a long time. This treatment is mostly used for the poor quality emerald. The international authoritative appraisal agency believes that all the emeralds that have done the above treatment cannot be called natural emeralds, and the value will be greatly reduced. As a collection or wearing, try not to choose the emeralds that have been optimized for this kind of treatment.

Octagonal cutting is the best

Emerald is a gemstone that is highly vulnerable to high temperatures. The yield from raw ore to gemstones is only 1.2%, so when cutting, the craftsmen use oil for thermal protection.

On the 琢 type, the way the diamond is cut is not suitable for emeralds due to the cleavage of the crystal. For this reason, experienced craftsmen have found a new type of cutting method in continuous testing. This rectangular-like octagonal cutting allows The emerald's refractive index achieves the best results, showing the most beautiful and moving color. Later, this cutting was gradually used in other types of gemstone cutting. DEBEERS' senior diamond consultants once told me that they would only use the most clean diamonds for emerald cutting.

Of course, for emeralds, the emeralds who dare to use such cuts mostly have excellent clarity. However, the basic clarity is relatively plain, which is what we often call arc-shaped cutting. For the alternative emerald of Dabiz, in order to retain its original Godsend appearance, the curved surface is used.

Cutting is also a very important factor in determining the value of gems. In Colombia, many cutting workshops are only 10 to 15 square meters, and most of the produced emerald ore is transformed into gem-quality bare stone here, and these crafts are well-versed. The craftsmen, almost for generations, have been concentrating on how to cut these emeralds into more dazzling eyes. Most of them are middle-aged and above, and there are also young people in the family. The source of their craftsmanship is often passed down by grandfather’s grandfather. The people on this land have been working for these green crystals for generations. Become a work of art worthy of the world.

Market price soars

There are many domestic sellers who claim to have mines in Colombia. Most of them do not own an unnamed small mine, or take an abandoned mine as a scorpion. Because in the local area, there are only gangs and guerrillas who really have high-quality mineral resources, and the sellers do not directly deal with the buyer. They have to sell the goods through the middle trading company. Of course, these middle trading companies are basically local. The rich class is all.

For big sellers, there is often a phenomenon of “big shop bullying”. Because of the control of high-quality goods channels, sellers often do not have to pay a lot of money, so they do not achieve satisfactory profits, they will not sell. The middlemen are different. In order to keep the goods flowing quickly, in order to maintain the cash flow, they will not hesitate to sell the goods at a very low price. Of course, in comparison, the operating costs that middlemen have to bear are few and far between.

In Colombia's emerald circle, there is an unwritten rule that all strange faces that don't speak Spanish come to the emerald market in Bogota, Colombia, and the price is basically three to four times higher than the local price. Emerald traders who have been in the local area for a long time can get the best quality goods, otherwise you may not even have the opportunity to look at the goods. Because jewelers all over the world will only share the treasures of the bottom of the box with the insiders who chat, so it is not wise for some non-operating buyers to purchase locally in Colombia.

In addition to the quality of the emerald is indeed rare, emerald prices in recent years soaring and Chinese buyers are not unrelated. The natural oil-free emerald produced by Muzo starts from $5,000/carat to $20,000/g, and more than 5 carats can be called $60,000 per carat.

However, such a painful price is basically only found in Colombia's emeralds, and the same color, clarity, texture, cutting Brazil or Zambian emerald is basically the above 50% price, and some even only 25%. Among the important factors that determine the price of emerald, the three indicators of color, clarity and origin are particularly prominent. There was once a collector who showed the author a curved cutting emerald weighing more than 500 carats. I thought that this weight of emerald was enough to be auctioned as a collectible, but because of the lighter color, the content was more rejected. Besides, it is not advisable to pay attention to weight blindly.

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